I recently had to extend a normal disk partition. It wasn't fun. That's why I recommend using LVM, it's a lot easier to manage, extend, shrink and remove partitions on a single or multiple disks. ## Common Terms `Physical Volumes (PVs)` are your physical disks attached to a server. These can be different sizes. That's why LVM is so flexible. `Volume Groups (VGs)` are groups of PVs. For example you could have `vg00` which includes PVs `a`, `b` and `c`. `Logical Volumes (LVs)` are smaller "partitions" of VGs. You can mount these at different mount points and are easily manageable. ### Example Your server configuration: - Disk /dev/sda, 200GB - other partitions like boot - /dev/sda2, 199GB, PV - Disk /dev/sdb, 4TB - /dev/sdb1, 4TB, PV - Disk /dev/sdc, 150G - /dev/sdc1, 150G, PV You can either split those into multiple VGs or combine them into one. I recommend combining them, because you can only assign a PV to **single** VG. Currently your total allocatable storage for `vg00` would be 4445GB. Now you can split that into one or more LVs and mount them to your system. I usually have different `/`, `/var`, `/home` and `swap` partitions. ## Requirements - A server - An unused disk partition on the server - LVM2 installed `apt install lvm2` (on debian) ## Creating a PV `sudo pvcreate ` Example `` values: - /dev/sdb - /dev/sdb1 ## List PVs `sudo pvs` ## Creating a VG `sudo vgcreate ` Example: - `sudo vgcreate vg00 /dev/sdb` - `sudo vgcreate vg00 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1` ## List VGs `sudo vgs` ## Creating a LV `sudo lvcreate -n -L ` Example: - `sudo lvcreate -n root -L 30G vg00` - `sudo lvcreate -n home -L 50G vg00` - `sudo lvcreate -n var -L 20G vg00` ### Formatting You can choose any filesystem you want. I usually select `ext4`. `sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev//` Example: - `sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg00/root` ### Final Steps Now you can mount them and store files. Remember to add them to `/etc/fstab` in order to automatically have them mounted. `sudo mount /dev// /mnt` ## List LVs `sudo lvs` ## Extend a LV `sudo lvextend -L +2G /dev// -r` The `-r` flag automatically resizes the filesystem. If it's not provided, you need to manually run the `resize2fs ` command. Example: - `sudo lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg00/root -r` ## Verify Changes You can run `df -h` and it should show the new amount. If it still shows the old one, you can try running `resize2fs /dev//` command.

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I'm Midka.
A teenager who likes to do stuff.